Palabras clave
implante valvular aórtico transcatéter
reemplazo quirúrgico de la válvula aórtica
Cómo citar
Resumen
Tras el primer implante de una prótesis valvular percutánea en 2002, dos de los
principales fabricantes de prótesis valvulares biológicas desarrollaron sendas
plataformas percutáneas para posición aórtica, que han impulsado al implante
valvular aórtico transcatéter (TAVI) como una alternativa al reemplazo quirúrgico de
la válvula aórtica (RQVA). En la última década, ambas compañías han costeado seis
estudios aleatorizados agrupando pacientes según el riesgo quirúrgico, y comparando
los resultados entre las dos terapias. Ninguno de estos estudios ha demostrado
superioridad de una técnica sobre la otra en términos de mortalidad a 5 años. En
general, los pacientes que recibieron válvulas percutáneas sufrieron mayor incidencia
de necesidad de implante de marcapasos, fugas perivalvulares y complicaciones
vasculares, mientras que los quirúrgicos sufrieron más hemorragias y fibrilación
auricular. Tras estos resultados, el uso de la TAVI en pacientes jóvenes y de bajo riesgo
ha visto un incremento exponencial.
Citas
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